Conservation biology: four decades of problem- and solution-based research

Conservation biology and four types of advocacy.

The advocacy debate in ecology and conservation goes back a long way. In the early part of the twentieth century some ecologists were actively pursuing nature conservation, but others eschewed this kind of activism. When the Ecological Society of America (ESA) formed in 1915, a divide already existed regarding the mission of the society and the role of advocacy for preservation of natural areas...

Four decades of research on hormonal contraception.

Four Decades of Research on School Bullying

This article provides an introductory overview of findings from the past 40 years of research on bullying among school-aged children and youth. Research on definitional and assessment issues in studying bullying and victimization is reviewed, and data on prevalence rates, stability, and forms of bullying behavior are summarized, setting the stage for the 5 articles that comprise this American P...

Four decades of teaching developmental biology in Germany.

I have taught developmental biology in Essen for 30 years. Since my department is named Zoophysiologie (Zoophysiology), besides Developmental Biology, I also have to teach General Animal Physiology. This explains why the time for teaching developmental biology is restricted to a lecture course, a laboratory course and several seminar courses. However, I also try to demonstrate in the lecture co...

Research: looking back and ahead after four decades of progress.

though 1990 marked the 25th anniversary of the American };. Occupational Therapy Foundation (AOTF), organized research efforts in the profession have been undelway for several decades. Previous articles in this series have highlighted developments in praerice and education over the past 40 years, in which the years 1949 and 1989 have been compared. Dramatic changes have occurred since 1949 in t...